If a lesion affected the hindgut sympathetic supply, which spinal levels would be most relevant?

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Multiple Choice

If a lesion affected the hindgut sympathetic supply, which spinal levels would be most relevant?

Explanation:
Hindgut sympathetic supply comes from the lower thoracic to upper lumbar spinal cord, mainly at T12 to L2. The preganglionic neurons reside in the intermediolateral cell column at these levels and send fibers through the least and lumbar splanchnic nerves to the inferior mesenteric ganglion. From there, postganglionic fibers reach the hindgut—the descending and sigmoid colon and proximal rectum. A lesion at these levels would disrupt this sympathetic pathway, whereas higher levels predominantly affect other regions (foregut/midgut). Thus, the most relevant spinal levels are T12 through L2.

Hindgut sympathetic supply comes from the lower thoracic to upper lumbar spinal cord, mainly at T12 to L2. The preganglionic neurons reside in the intermediolateral cell column at these levels and send fibers through the least and lumbar splanchnic nerves to the inferior mesenteric ganglion. From there, postganglionic fibers reach the hindgut—the descending and sigmoid colon and proximal rectum. A lesion at these levels would disrupt this sympathetic pathway, whereas higher levels predominantly affect other regions (foregut/midgut). Thus, the most relevant spinal levels are T12 through L2.

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